Hmm...it's odd that the rat was eating his babies, it's not a common occurence with rats, more of a problem with mice...and you say she's been giving birth all week? That's really odd too, it should only take a few hours for a rat to give birth. Also, considering that only one baby has survived, I'd say that it's a fair bet that she was having trouble passing the babies and they died due to birth trauma. The long delivery time is not because of different egg fertilization times. (when the mother goes into labour everything up in there is going to come out, no matter how far along it is develomentally)
Hopefully, your female has finished birthing by now...if she hasn't there's a good chance that she could die from exhaustion from being in labour for so long...If she looks like she's not well, or she's still in labour but not passing any babies (lying flat out on her stomach with her lower back arching and her hindquarters tensing up) I'd normally say you should take her to a vet ASAP, but since these are feeders...
Now, not having seen your rats, I'd say it's probably because it's her first litter...but if she's a small-ish rat, or still young (under 4 months), it could be her size that's giving her problems...
In any case, I'd suggest you not breed her for a while so that she can rest up and get over the physical trauma that this difficult litter has caused, otherwise she could end up getting just burnt out or dying with the next litter.
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