I think this study is inconclusive. At least the way it's stated. It doesn't say whether the tubs were sterilized after each test. If they weren't, the snakes could've been picking up on scents from previous tests, which would mean they were using instinct, rather than learning. It doesn't state if the holes were moved along with it's markings, or if they used the same hole each time. If they moved the holes and markings, and the snakes consistently went to the marked hole, that would be a sign of actual learning.
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